"""TorchDynamo support for __torch_function__ tensor subclasses.

This module implements support for tensor subclasses with __torch_function__ overrides.
A tensor subclass instance is represented as a TensorWithTFOverrideVariable, which handles
dispatching __torch_function__ on attribute accesses, method calls, and torch API calls.

Unsupported features:
- Triggering __torch_function__ on tensor subclass non-tensor custom attributes
- Graph breaking on mutating guardable tensor properties within a __torch_function__ context
  (can cause excessive recompiles in certain cases)
- Matching exact eager behavior of ignoring __torch_function__ objects in non-tensor
  argument positions of Torch API calls

Supported features:
- Static method implementations of __torch_function__ on custom objects (triggers on torch
  API calls with the object as any argument)
- Triggering __torch_function__ on torch API calls with tensor subclass arguments
- __torch_function__ calls on base tensor attribute access and method calls for tensor
  subclass instances
- Matches dispatch ordering behavior of eager __torch_function__ with subclass/object
  arguments in any position

See https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WBxBSvW3NXhRp9ncmtokJloMLCtF4AYNhJaffvHe8Kw/edit#heading=h.vacn73lozd9w
for more information on the design.
"""

import collections
import contextlib
import functools
import inspect
import operator
from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Sequence
from types import TracebackType
from typing import Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING

import torch._C
import torch.utils._pytree as pytree
from torch._guards import Source
from torch.overrides import (
    _get_overloaded_args,
    get_default_nowrap_functions,
    TorchFunctionMode,
)
from torch.utils._device import DeviceContext

from .. import graph_break_hints
from ..exc import unimplemented
from ..guards import GuardBuilder, install_guard
from ..polyfills import NoEnterTorchFunctionMode
from ..source import AttrSource, GlobalSource, TorchFunctionModeStackSource, TypeSource
from ..utils import (
    class_has_getattribute,
    clear_torch_function_mode_stack,
    get_safe_global_name,
    has_torch_function,
    is_tensor_base_attr_getter,
    set_torch_function_mode_stack,
)
from .base import VariableTracker
from .constant import ConstantVariable
from .ctx_manager import GenericContextWrappingVariable
from .functions import UserMethodVariable
from .lazy import LazyVariableTracker
from .lists import TupleVariable
from .tensor import TensorSubclassVariable, TensorVariable
from .user_defined import UserDefinedObjectVariable


if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from torch._dynamo.codegen import PyCodegen
    from torch._dynamo.symbolic_convert import InstructionTranslator


bin_ops = [
    operator.pow,
    operator.mul,
    operator.matmul,
    operator.floordiv,
    operator.truediv,
    operator.mod,
    operator.add,
    operator.lt,
    operator.gt,
    operator.ge,
    operator.le,
    operator.ne,
    operator.eq,
    operator.sub,
    operator.ipow,
    operator.imul,
    operator.imatmul,
    operator.ifloordiv,
    operator.itruediv,
    operator.imod,
    operator.iadd,
    operator.isub,
]

bin_int_ops = [
    operator.and_,
    operator.or_,
    operator.xor,
    operator.iand,
    operator.ixor,
    operator.ior,
]

un_int_ops = [operator.invert]

tensor_and_int_ops = [
    operator.lshift,
    operator.rshift,
    operator.ilshift,
    operator.irshift,
    operator.getitem,
]

un_ops = [
    operator.abs,
    operator.pos,
    operator.neg,
    operator.not_,  # Note: this has a local scalar dense call
    operator.length_hint,
]


banned_attrs = [
    fn.__self__.__name__  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    for fn in get_default_nowrap_functions()
    if is_tensor_base_attr_getter(fn)
]


@functools.cache
def get_prev_stack_var_name() -> str:
    from ..bytecode_transformation import unique_id

    return unique_id("___prev_torch_function_mode_stack")


class TorchFunctionModeVariable(GenericContextWrappingVariable):
    @staticmethod
    def is_supported_torch_function_mode(ty: type[TorchFunctionMode]) -> bool:
        # Supported in this sense means we can support graph breaks under the
        # context.
        # We are able to trace custom modes but if there are graph breaks under them
        # and they have a custom __enter__/__exit__ we don't handle this for the
        # same reason we don't handle generic context managers: there may be side effects
        # that are now affected by executing the function across two frames instead of one
        # Today we support the enter/exit of the default TorchFunctionMode as well as
        # DeviceContext (which is used for set_default_device)
        return issubclass(ty, (NoEnterTorchFunctionMode, DeviceContext)) or (
            not class_has_getattribute(ty)
            and inspect.getattr_static(ty, "__enter__") is TorchFunctionMode.__enter__
            and inspect.getattr_static(ty, "__exit__") is TorchFunctionMode.__exit__
        )

    def __init__(
        self,
        value: Optional[TorchFunctionMode],
        source: Optional[Source] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ):
        if value is not None:
            super().__init__(value, **kwargs)
        self.value = value
        # needed for BC with calling enter from CM code
        self.cm_obj = value  # type: ignore[assignment]
        self.source = source  # type: ignore[assignment]

    def reconstruct(self, codegen: "PyCodegen") -> None:
        # This shouldn't be called unless we have a source
        assert self.source
        self.source.reconstruct(codegen)

    def module_name(self) -> str:
        return self.value.__module__

    def fn_name(self) -> str:
        return type(self.value).__name__

    def python_type(self) -> type:
        return type(self.value)

    def call_torch_function(
        self,
        tx: "InstructionTranslator",
        fn: VariableTracker,
        types: TupleVariable,
        args: Iterable[Any],
        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
    ) -> VariableTracker:
        return call_torch_function(
            tx,
            get_torch_function_fn(tx, self),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            fn,
            types,
            args,
            kwargs,
        )

    def enter(self, tx: "InstructionTranslator") -> VariableTracker:
        from .torch import TorchInGraphFunctionVariable

        if isinstance(self.value, NoEnterTorchFunctionMode):
            return ConstantVariable.create(None)

        TorchInGraphFunctionVariable(
            torch._C._push_on_torch_function_stack
        ).call_function(tx, [self], {})
        return ConstantVariable.create(None)

    def exit(self, tx: "InstructionTranslator", *args: Any) -> VariableTracker:
        from .torch import TorchInGraphFunctionVariable

        TorchInGraphFunctionVariable(torch._C._pop_torch_function_stack).call_function(
            tx, [], {}
        )
        return ConstantVariable.create(None)

    def reconstruct_type(self, codegen: "PyCodegen") -> None:
        ty = NoEnterTorchFunctionMode
        codegen(
            AttrSource(
                codegen.tx.import_source(ty.__module__),
                ty.__name__,
            )
        )

    def supports_graph_breaks(self) -> bool:
        return True

    def exit_on_graph_break(self) -> bool:
        return False


# Used to clear/restore the python torch function mode stack and temporarily restore it as needed
class TorchFunctionModeStackStateManager:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.stack: list[Any] = []

    def __enter__(self) -> None:
        self.stack = torch.overrides._get_current_function_mode_stack()
        clear_torch_function_mode_stack()

    def __exit__(
        self,
        exc_type: Optional[type[BaseException]],
        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
    ) -> None:
        set_torch_function_mode_stack(self.stack)
        self.stack = []

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def temp_restore_stack(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
        prev = torch.overrides._get_current_function_mode_stack()
        set_torch_function_mode_stack(self.stack)
        try:
            yield
        finally:
            set_torch_function_mode_stack(prev)


torch_function_mode_stack_state_mgr = TorchFunctionModeStackStateManager()


class SymbolicTorchFunctionState:
    def __init__(self, py_stack: Iterable[Any]) -> None:
        # This is annoyingly complicated because of how the torch function subclass + mode C API was designed
        # There are two exposed C knobs here as contexts: torch._C.DisableTorchFunction and torch._C.DisableTorchFunctionSubclass
        # These are their definitions:
        # 1) torch._C._is_torch_function_enabled indicates that neither of the above knobs have been entered
        # (if either are entered, this will be False)
        # 2) torch._C._is_torch_function_mode_enabled indicates that either the torch mode stack is empty OR
        # torch._C.DisableTorchFunction has been entered
        # To disambiguate these and keep myself sane I added a C API to check whether all torch function
        # concepts (modes and subclasses) are enabled.
        # This only returns true iff we have not entered torch._C.DisableTorchFunction and allows us to separate
        # the stack length from the enablement state of torch function modes.
        # This is important because now if a mode is pushed while dynamo is tracing, we know whether
        # or not torch function modes are enabled and whether we should trace it.
        self.torch_function_subclass_enabled = torch._C._is_torch_function_enabled()

        # This differs from the C API of the same name
        # this will only be false iff we have entered torch._C.DisableTorchFunction
        # and does not take into account the mode stack length, while the C API bundles these
        # two concepts
        self.torch_function_mode_enabled = (
            not torch._C._is_torch_function_all_disabled()
        )

        self.cur_mode = None

        TorchFunctionModeStackVariable.reset()

        self.mode_stack: collections.deque[TorchFunctionModeVariable] = (
            collections.deque()
        )

        for i, val in enumerate(py_stack):
            self.mode_stack.append(
                LazyVariableTracker.create(val, source=TorchFunctionModeStackSource(i))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            )

    def in_torch_function_mode(self) -> bool:
        return len(self.mode_stack) > 0

    def pop_torch_function_mode(self) -> TorchFunctionModeVariable:
        return self.mode_stack.pop()

    def push_torch_function_mode(self, mode_var: TorchFunctionModeVariable) -> None:
        self.mode_stack.append(mode_var)

    def call_torch_function_mode(
        self,
        tx: "InstructionTranslator",
        fn: VariableTracker,
        types: TupleVariable,
        args: Iterable[Any],
        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
    ) -> Any:
        with self._pop_mode_for_inlining() as cur_mode:
            return cur_mode.call_torch_function(tx, fn, types, args, kwargs)

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def _pop_mode_for_inlining(
        self,
    ) -> Generator[TorchFunctionModeVariable, None, None]:
        old_mode = self.cur_mode
        self.cur_mode = self.pop_torch_function_mode()  # type: ignore[assignment]
        try:
            yield self.cur_mode  # type: ignore[misc]
        finally:
            mode = self.cur_mode
            self.cur_mode = old_mode
            self.push_torch_function_mode(mode)  # type: ignore[arg-type]


class TorchFunctionModeStackVariable(VariableTracker):
    """Fake VT to use as a dummy object, indicating the presence of torch function mode stack mutation"""

    # singleton value representing the global torch function mode stack
    # singleton (it exists in C++)
    stack_value_singleton = object()

    # offset is used to track if we have inserted/removed a
    # device context which is always placed at the bottom of the stack
    # if a device context is inserted, the graph will run this mutation
    # so when we want to reconstruct any other modes on the stack
    # their indices should be shifted right by 1 (+1)
    # Conversely, if there was a device context on the stack, and the graph
    # mutates the stack to remove that context (set default device to None)
    # each of the indices of other modes should be shifted left by 1 (-1)
    offset = 0

    def __init__(
        self,
        source: Source,
        symbolic_stack: collections.deque[TorchFunctionModeVariable],
    ) -> None:
        self.source = source
        self.symbolic_stack = symbolic_stack

    @classmethod
    def reset(cls) -> None:
        cls.offset = 0

    @classmethod
    def register_mutation(cls, tx: "InstructionTranslator") -> None:
        if cls.stack_value_singleton not in tx.output.side_effects:
            var = cls(
                source=Source(),
                symbolic_stack=tx.symbolic_torch_function_state.mode_stack,
            )
            tx.output.side_effects.track_mutable(cls.stack_value_singleton, var)
            tx.output.side_effects.mutation(var)

    @classmethod
    def register_device_context_insertion(cls, tx: "InstructionTranslator") -> None:
        stack = tx.symbolic_torch_function_state.mode_stack
        if stack and cls.is_device_context(stack[0]):
            return
        else:
            cls.offset += 1
            stack.insert(
                0,
                TorchFunctionModeVariable(
                    None, source=TorchFunctionModeStackSource(-cls.offset)
                ),
            )

    @classmethod
    def clear_default_device(cls, tx: "InstructionTranslator") -> None:
        stack = tx.symbolic_torch_function_state.mode_stack
        if stack and cls.is_device_context(stack[0]):
            stack.popleft()
            cls.offset -= 1

    @staticmethod
    def is_device_context(var: TorchFunctionModeVariable) -> bool:
        return isinstance(var.value, DeviceContext) or var.value is None

    @classmethod
    def get_mode_index(cls, ind: int) -> int:
        return ind + cls.offset


def _get_all_args(
    args: Iterable[Any], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
) -> Iterable[VariableTracker]:
    return _flatten_vts(pytree.arg_tree_leaves(*args, **kwargs))


def _flatten_vts(vts: Iterable[VariableTracker]) -> list[VariableTracker]:
    from collections import deque

    from .dicts import ConstDictVariable
    from .lists import ListVariable

    vts = deque(vts)
    output = []

    while vts:
        vt = vts.popleft()

        if not vt.is_realized() and vt.peek_type() in (dict, list, tuple):  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            vt.realize()

        if vt.is_realized():
            if isinstance(vt, ListVariable):
                vts.extend(vt.items)
                continue
            elif isinstance(vt, ConstDictVariable):
                vts.extend(vt.items.values())
                continue

        output.append(vt)

    return output


def _get_subclass_type(var: VariableTracker) -> type:
    assert isinstance(var, (TensorWithTFOverrideVariable, UserDefinedObjectVariable))
    return var.python_type()


def _get_subclass_type_var(
    tx: "InstructionTranslator", var: VariableTracker
) -> VariableTracker:
    if isinstance(var, TensorWithTFOverrideVariable):
        return var.class_type_var(tx)
    elif isinstance(var, UserDefinedObjectVariable):
        source = var.source and TypeSource(var.source)
        return VariableTracker.build(tx, var.python_type(), source)
    else:
        raise AssertionError(f"Unexpected type {type(var)}")


def _is_attr_overridden(
    tx: "InstructionTranslator", var: VariableTracker, name: str
) -> bool:
    if not isinstance(var, (TensorWithTFOverrideVariable, UserDefinedObjectVariable)):
        return False
    import torch

    overridden = False
    try:
        attr_val = inspect.getattr_static(var.python_type(), name)
        overridden |= attr_val != getattr(torch.Tensor, name)
    except AttributeError:
        pass

    return overridden


def call_torch_function(
    tx: "InstructionTranslator",
    torch_function_var: VariableTracker,
    fn: VariableTracker,
    types: TupleVariable,
    args: Iterable[Any],
    kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> Any:
    # This emulates calling __torch_function__, which has a signature
    #   def __torch_function__(cls, func, types, args=(), kwargs=None):
    #
    # Also notice the `cls` is not explicitly passed in the reference
    # implementations:
    # 1. https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/8d81806211bc3c0ee6c2ef235017bacf1d775a85/torch/csrc/utils/python_arg_parser.cpp#L368-L374  # noqa: B950
    # 2. https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/8d81806211bc3c0ee6c2ef235017bacf1d775a85/torch/overrides.py#L1741-L1743
    tf_args = [
        fn,
        types,
        VariableTracker.build(tx, tuple(args)),
        VariableTracker.build(tx, kwargs),
    ]
    return torch_function_var.call_function(tx, tf_args, {})


def get_torch_function_fn(
    tx: "InstructionTranslator", vt: VariableTracker
) -> VariableTracker:
    # The underlying function could be a classmethod, staticmethod, regular
    # function or a function with C-implementation. It doesn't matter as long as
    # they satisfy the calling convention in `call_torch_function`.
    from .builtin import BuiltinVariable

    args = [vt, ConstantVariable("__torch_function__")]
    func_vt = BuiltinVariable(getattr).call_function(tx, args, {})
    return func_vt


def can_dispatch_torch_function(
    tx: "InstructionTranslator", args: Iterable[Any], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
) -> bool:
    has_overridden_args = any(
        has_torch_function(arg) for arg in _get_all_args(args, kwargs)
    )
    tf_state = tx.symbolic_torch_function_state
    return (has_overridden_args and tf_state.torch_function_subclass_enabled) or (
        tf_state.torch_function_mode_enabled and tf_state.in_torch_function_mode()
    )


def dispatch_torch_function(
    tx: "InstructionTranslator",
    fn: VariableTracker,
    args: Iterable[Any],
    kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> Any:
    """Gathers all args that are TensorWithTFOverrideVariable and dispatches based on the ordering in _get_overloaded_args"""

    all_args = _get_all_args(args, kwargs)
    overloaded_args = _get_overloaded_args(
        [arg for arg in all_args if has_torch_function(arg)],
        _get_subclass_type,
    )

    types = TupleVariable([_get_subclass_type_var(tx, arg) for arg in overloaded_args])

    if tx.symbolic_torch_function_state.in_torch_function_mode():
        res = tx.symbolic_torch_function_state.call_torch_function_mode(
            tx, fn, types, args, kwargs
        )
        if not (isinstance(res, ConstantVariable) and res.value is NotImplemented):
            return res

    for arg in overloaded_args:
        res = arg.call_torch_function(
            tx,
            fn,
            types,
            args,
            kwargs,
        )

        if not (isinstance(res, ConstantVariable) and res.value is NotImplemented):
            return res

    unimplemented(
        gb_type="All __torch_function__ overrides returned NotImplemented due to TypeError from user code",
        context=f"{fn=}, {args=}, {kwargs=}",
        explanation=f"All __torch_function__ overrides for for function {fn} returned NotImplemented",
        hints=[
            *graph_break_hints.USER_ERROR,
        ],
    )


class TensorWithTFOverrideVariable(TensorVariable):
    """
    Represents a tensor subclass instance with a __torch_function__ override.
    """

    @classmethod
    def from_tensor_var(
        cls,
        tx: "InstructionTranslator",
        tensor_var: VariableTracker,
        class_type: type,
        cls_source: Source,
    ) -> "TensorWithTFOverrideVariable":
        # [Note: __torch_function__] coerce `tensor_var` into a
        # TensorWithTFOverrideVariable. In eager, this is just a type change.
        import torch

        # This simulates shallow-copying the tensor object.
        kwargs = dict(tensor_var.__dict__)
        input_tensor_type = kwargs.pop("class_type")
        assert input_tensor_type in (torch.Tensor, torch.nn.Parameter), (
            f"invalid class type {input_tensor_type} in TensorWithTFOverrideVariable.from_tensor_var"
        )
        var = cls(class_type=class_type, **kwargs)
        var.install_global(tx)
        return var

    def install_global(self, tx: "InstructionTranslator") -> None:
        # stash the subclass type to rewrap an output tensor if needed
        # this is needed because the actual type needs to be available
        # each time the compiled artifact is run and outputs a wrapped tensor.
        if self.global_mangled_class_name(tx) not in tx.output.global_scope:
            # Safe because global_mangled_class_name figures it out
            tx.output.install_global_unsafe(
                self.global_mangled_class_name(tx), self.class_type
            )

    def python_type(self) -> type:
        return self.class_type

    def class_type_var(self, tx: "InstructionTranslator") -> VariableTracker:
        return TensorSubclassVariable(
            self.class_type, source=GlobalSource(self.global_mangled_class_name(tx))
        )

    def global_mangled_class_name(self, tx: "InstructionTranslator") -> str:
        return get_safe_global_name(
            tx, f"__subclass_{self.class_type.__name__}", self.class_type
        )

    def var_getattr(self, tx: "InstructionTranslator", name: str) -> VariableTracker:
        # [Note: __torch_function__] We currently only support attributes that are defined on
        # base tensors, custom attribute accesses will graph break.
        import torch

        # I think only `_base` is breaking because we aren't modelling view
        # relationship perfectly in some scenarios.
        if name in banned_attrs:
            unimplemented(
                gb_type="Unsupported tensor subclass attribute access",
                context=f"{name}",
                explanation="`torch.compile` currently can't trace this",
                hints=[
                    f"Avoid accessing {name} of tensor subclass in torch.compile region",
                    *graph_break_hints.SUPPORTABLE,
                ],
            )

        # Handle non-overridden attributes inherited from `torch.Tensor`.
        attr_is_overridden = _is_attr_overridden(tx, self, name)
        if (
            hasattr(torch.Tensor, name)
            and not attr_is_overridden
            and not inspect.ismethoddescriptor(getattr(torch.Tensor, name))
        ):
            args = [self]
            kwargs: dict[Any, Any] = {}
            if can_dispatch_torch_function(tx, args, kwargs):
                get_fn = VariableTracker.build(tx, getattr(torch.Tensor, name).__get__)

                return self.call_torch_function(
                    tx,
                    get_fn,
                    TupleVariable([self.class_type_var(tx)]),
                    args,
                    kwargs,
                )
        else:
            # `TensorVariable.var_getattr` doesn't handle user-defined
            # function/attribute well, so we explicitly handle them here.
            #
            # TODO move this logic into `TensorVariable`, or try to merge it
            # with similar logic in `UserDefinedObjectVariable`.
            try:
                attr = inspect.getattr_static(self.class_type, name)
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            else:
                import types

                cls_source = GlobalSource(self.global_mangled_class_name(tx))
                attr_source = AttrSource(cls_source, name)
                if isinstance(attr, types.FunctionType):
                    install_guard(attr_source.make_guard(GuardBuilder.CLOSURE_MATCH))
                    return UserMethodVariable(attr, self)

                elif isinstance(attr, property):
                    getter_source = AttrSource(attr_source, "fget")
                    getter = attr.fget
                    getter_var = VariableTracker.build(tx, getter, source=getter_source)
                    return getter_var.call_function(tx, [self], {})

                elif isinstance(attr, classmethod):
                    return UserMethodVariable(
                        attr.__func__, self.class_type_var(tx), source=attr_source
                    )

                elif attr_is_overridden:
                    unimplemented(
                        gb_type="Unsupported tensor subclass overridden attribute access",
                        context=f"{name}",
                        explanation="`torch.compile` only support tracing certain types of overridden tensor subclass attributes",
                        hints=[
                            f"Avoid accessing {name} of tensor subclass in torch.compile region",
                            f"Renaming attribute `{name}` of type {self.class_type}",
                            *graph_break_hints.SUPPORTABLE,
                        ],
                    )

        return super().var_getattr(tx, name)

    def call_torch_function(
        self,
        tx: "InstructionTranslator",
        fn: VariableTracker,
        types: TupleVariable,
        args: Iterable[Any],
        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
    ) -> Any:
        # NOTE this assumes `__torch_function__` isn't modified during tracing.
        if not hasattr(self, "torch_function_fn"):
            self.torch_function_fn = get_torch_function_fn(tx, self)

        return call_torch_function(
            tx,
            self.torch_function_fn,
            fn,
            types,
            args,
            kwargs,
        )

    def call_method(
        self,
        tx: "InstructionTranslator",
        name: str,
        args: Sequence[VariableTracker],
        kwargs: "dict[str, VariableTracker]",
    ) -> "VariableTracker":
        # This code block implements inlining the __torch_function__ override
        # of `call_method`.
        tf_args = [self] + list(args)
        if can_dispatch_torch_function(tx, tf_args, kwargs):
            import torch

            if _is_attr_overridden(tx, self, name):
                unimplemented(
                    gb_type="Tensor subclass overridden method call",
                    context=f"{name}",
                    explanation="`torch.compile` currently can't trace this",
                    hints=[
                        f"Avoid calling {name} of tensor subclass in torch.compile region",
                        f"Renaming method `{name}` of type {self.class_type}",
                        *graph_break_hints.SUPPORTABLE,
                    ],
                )

            # [Note: __torch_function__] Currently we only support methods that are defined on tensor
            # we will graph break in other cases this will need a bigger overhaul of extracting methods/comparing them for equality
            # We've established with the above check that the method is not overridden, so we guard that the method is the same
            # as the impl defined on tensor and retrieve it
            if self.source:
                source = AttrSource(AttrSource(self.source, "__class__"), name)
                value = inspect.getattr_static(self.python_type(), name)
            else:
                source = None
                value = getattr(torch.Tensor, name)
            func_var = VariableTracker.build(tx, value, source)
            return dispatch_torch_function(tx, func_var, tf_args, kwargs)
        else:
            return super().call_method(tx, name, args, kwargs)
